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Original article link: HeYuan Bio – Animal Models for Metabolic Diseases
The Animal Experimentation Department of HeYuan Bio offers services for generating animal models of a wide range of metabolic and circulatory system disorders, including obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and inflammatory conditions, in both mice and rats.
1. Liver injury model
Liver diseases encompass all disorders affecting the liver, including infectious, neoplastic, vascular, metabolic, toxic, autoimmune, hereditary, and intrahepatic biliary stone conditions. Infectious diseases further comprise viral, bacterial, and parasitic infections, such as viral hepatitis and hepatic echinococcosis. Tumors are classified as benign or malignant, with examples including hepatocellular carcinoma, hepatic hemangioma, hepatic lipoma, and hepatic sarcoma. Animal models of liver disease are widely utilized across a broad range of research applications.
Carbon tetrachloride–induced liver injury model: Acute hepatic injury in mice was induced by intraperitoneal injection of varying doses of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), and changes in plasma aminotransferase levels were monitored to establish the mouse model.
Bile‑duct‑ligation–induced cholestatic liver injury model in mice.
2. Establishment of a renal ischemia-reperfusion injury model
Chronic renal failure (CRF) model: Following 5/6 nephrectomy in rats, hemodynamic changes in the remaining renal units lead to hyperfiltration and proteinuria, ultimately resulting in CRF characterized primarily by glomerulosclerosis.
Acute kidney injury (AKI) model: AKI is a common, multidisciplinary critical illness with a prevalence of 3%–10% in general hospitals and 30%–60% in intensive care units. Mortality among critically ill patients can be as high as 30%–80%, and approximately 50% of survivors are left with permanent renal impairment, highlighting the urgent need for effective prevention and treatment. Establishing a robust animal model of AKI is essential for advancing research on early detection and intervention strategies.
3. Colitis model
There are many types of gastrointestinal disorders, including ulcerative colitis, chronic enteritis, gastric hemorrhage, and gastric perforation; among these, ulcerative colitis is a current research hotspot. Establishing a stable animal model of ulcerative colitis facilitates the investigation and elucidation of its pathogenesis—whose etiology remains unclear—and the development of therapeutic agents.
DSS‑induced murine model of ulcerative colitis: Seven days after model induction, the mice exhibited colonic shortening, thickened intestinal walls, mucosal hyperemia, localized hemorrhage, and prominent ulcerative lesions, with the cecum and distal colon being the most severely affected. Hematoxylin–eosin staining revealed mucosal loss, predominantly incomplete crypts, and extensive inflammatory cell infiltration, consistent with typical inflammatory changes. Body weight changes: Mice treated with 2.5% DSS showed a decrease in body weight, accompanied by reduced appetite and diminished activity.
4. Arthritis model
Arthritis models in rats and mice were induced using complete Freund’s adjuvant. Arthritis is a broad term that refers to inflammatory conditions affecting the joints and surrounding tissues, resulting from inflammation, infection, degeneration, trauma, or other etiologies; it encompasses dozens of distinct subtypes.
The chemically induced arthritis animal model boasts several advantages, including simplicity and ease of implementation, minimal adverse effects on the animals, and straightforward, time‑efficient procedures. Following successful induction, the animals exhibit marked joint swelling that closely mimics the clinical manifestations of human arthritis. Moreover, the modeling process is both simple and reproducible, with pathological and immunological changes that parallel those observed in human arthritis, making this model a highly desirable choice for studying arthritic conditions.
5. Cardiovascular Disease Model
Coronary artery ligation–induced myocardial ischemia models in rats and mice, encompassing pharmacological efficacy studies such as acute myocardial infarction, chronic myocardial infarction, chronic heart failure, and myocardial ischemia-reperfusion, with key services including model establishment, drug‑efficacy testing, and efficacy evaluation.
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