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What is the difference between Annexin V and TUNEL?

Publication date:2026-10-29
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Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) is a staining method used to detect DNA fragmentation within cells—a hallmark of late-stage apoptosis. It employs the enzyme terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) to attach modified dNTPs, such as dUTP, to the 3′-hydroxyl ends of fragmented DNA strands. These dNTPs are typically labeled with fluorophores to facilitate quantification and/or visualization.

Annexin V staining identifies the early stages of apoptosis by binding to phosphatidylserine (PS) residues that are exposed on the cell surface due to loss of membrane asymmetry. Annexin V is typically labeled with a fluorophore such as FITC to facilitate the detection of apoptotic cells.