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What are the five commonly used types of cell lysis buffers, and what are their applications?
Cell lysis refers to the process of disrupting cellular structures to release their internal components. The goal is to isolate intracellular biomolecules, such as proteins and nucleic acids, for subsequent analysis and research. Lysis buffers are widely used in biomedicine, molecular biology, pharmacology, microbiology, biochemical analysis, and other fields.
Types of Cell Lysis Buffers and Product Recommendations
1. NP40 lysis buffer
✔ The main components are 50 mM Tris (pH 7.4), 150 mM NaCl, and 1% NP‑40. NP‑40, a mild nonionic detergent, at a concentration of 1% can disrupt cell membranes while exerting only limited disruption on the nuclear envelope, allowing cytoplasmic proteins to be extracted in the binding buffer.
✔ Suitable for the non-denaturing solubilization of membrane proteins. Commonly used in Western blotting, immunoprecipitation (IP), co‑IP, and ELISA assays. For lysing the nuclear envelope to isolate nuclear proteins, you can use either 1% NP‑40 plus 0.1% SDS (for Western blotting) or 1% NP‑40 combined with sonication (for IP).
NP40 lysis buffer
[Brand] Li Ji Bio
[Product] NP40 Lysis Buffer (with Inhibitors)
[Item Number] AP01L054
[Specification] 100 mL
2. SDS lysis buffer
✔ The main components are 50 mM Tris (pH 8.1) and 1% SDS, making it a powerful cell and tissue lysis buffer capable of disrupting the nuclear envelope.
✔ Commonly used in routine experiments such as Western blotting and ChIP, it can effectively disrupt cellular structures and release intracellular components, but has a significant impact on protein structure.
SDS Lysis Buffer Product Recommendations
[Brand] Li Ji Bio
[Product] SDS Cell Lysis Buffer (with Inhibitors)
[Item Number] AP01L065
[Specification] 100 mL
3. Red blood cell lysis buffer
✔ The main components are NH₄Cl, KHCO₃, and Na₂EDTA. Ammonium chloride serves as the primary lysis agent; by creating an ionic concentration gradient between the intracellular and extracellular environments, it induces erythrocyte swelling and lysis, while exerting minimal effects on leukocytes. This lysis buffer represents a mild method for removing red blood cells. ✔ It is commonly used in experiments such as the extraction of proteins and nucleic acids from tissue cells and the isolation and purification of lymphocytes to eliminate red blood cells. Tissue cells subjected to lysis can then be further employed in a variety of experimental studies.
Recommended Red Blood Cell Lysis Solutions
[Brand] Li Ji Bio
[Product] Red Blood Cell Lysis Buffer
[Item Number] AP01L106
[Specification] 100 mL
4. IP Lysis Buffer
✔ The buffer consists of 25 mM Tris–HCl (pH 7.4), 150 mM NaCl, 1% NP‑40, 1% mM EDTA, and 5% glycerol. It is a modified RIPA lysis buffer with moderate detergent strength, capable of efficiently solubilizing cellular proteins without releasing chromosomal DNA or disrupting protein complexes, as RIPA often does.
IP Lysis Buffer Product Recommendations
✔ Suitable for downstream immunoprecipitation or affinity adsorption applications.
[Brand] Li Ji Bio
[Product] Western/IP Cell Lysis Buffer
[Item Number] AP01L076
[Specification] 100 mL
5. RIPA lysis buffer
✔ The lysis buffer contains 25 mM Tris–HCl (pH 7.6), 150 mM NaCl, 1% NP‑40, 1% sodium deoxycholate, and 0.1% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS); it is a conventional, rapid lysis buffer.
✔ Provides protein samples suitable for routine Western blotting, immunoprecipitation, and other assays; exhibits strong lysis capability and efficiently solubilizes cellular proteins.
RIPA Lysis Buffer Product Recommendations
[Brand] Li Ji Bio
[Product] RIPA Lysis Buffer (Strong)
[Item Number] AP01L014
[Specification] 100m
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